Contact improvisation (CI) is a duet dance form based on the “dialogue of weight, balance, reflex, and impulse between two moving bodies that are in physical contact.” The inter-dependent disposition of the partnership in this non-choreographed dance duet constitutes CI as significantly reliant on the physical communication with another person. My own experience of vigorously practicing contact improvisation last year led me to begin journaling about my experiences with different partners and scores. I gradually developed a curiosity about whether (and, if so, why) observation and analysis of one’s own patterns of improvisational dance decision-making affect the dancer’s awareness of behavior patterns in other aspects of one’s life. I grew eager to answer the following questions. How does the process of observing one’s own patterns of behavior affect the improviser? How do the brain-body transmitters operate, archive and evaluate or filter our life history? And how does our history (including our cultural make-up, personality type, family history and gender) influence the ways we improvise? To answer these research questions, I assigned prompts to an enrolled group of four volunteers (three males and one female) who agreed to dedicate 2-3 months of their time to reflect regularly on their CI experiences and meet with me for a follow-up interview to discuss their findings. My primary goal of those designated “pathways” was to stimulate my subjects to draw conclusions about how their improvisations impact their identity and why correlations between their movement tendencies and personal lives might be developing.

Through my own experience of attending therapy sessions that evolve mostly through verbal communication, I often find myself caught up in words, not able to fully verbalize how I feel. Being a dancer, I experience how movement plays a role in extending my emotions and expression in ways that cannot be described by words. I imagine how using the embodied knowledge I have learned as a dancer could bridge the expression of feeling and thinking towards my intended career as a psychotherapist. What would it look like for me to acknowledge movement to be a huge part of communication in therapy, to provide my patients with a larger vocabulary to really express what they feel? By conducting oral interviews in conjunction with movement prompt explorations, I have attempted to distinguish and contrast what my participants “think” from what my participants “feel.” The interviews, which were conducted with individuals from the Seattle community ranging in age from 18 to 70, centered on the concept of confidence. I asked each participant to define “confidence,” to move in a way that was “not confident” and “with confidence,” and to reflect on how they felt about the concept of confidence after moving. I will share preliminary findings from this study, contrasting the kind of knowledge people access when they respond verbally (more closely aligned with thinking) with the knowledge discovered through movement (more closely aligned with feelings).

This abstract is no longer available. Please contact urp@uw.edu if you have any questions.

According to the Center for Disease Control, more than one third of the U.S population is obese. Preliminary data in our laboratory has shown that obesity reduces the number of T cells in the intestines of mice. This reduction of T cells leads to impaired tissue repair in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis models and compromises the protective barrier against pathogens and exposure from the outside environment. Thus, our goal was to identify how to restore the number of T cells to improve intestinal homeostasis. We investigated whether T cell numbers in the intestine can be fully restored through diet-induced weight loss. Briefly, 6 week old male mice were placed in one out of three cohorts: one cohort was placed on a normal chow diet for 14 weeks, the second cohort was placed on a high fat diet for 14 weeks, and the third cohort was placed a high fat diet for 7 weeks and switched to a normal chow diet for the remaining 7 weeks. While mice placed on a high fat diet exhibited a significant reduction in T cell number, mice that underwent diet-induced weight loss exhibited a full restoration of T cell number in the small intestine. In addition, the dieted mice also showed improved survival when challenged with DSS-induced colitis. These studies are now being followed up with RNA-sequencing experiments to investigate how gene expression is changing within the intestine and better understand the mechanisms of T cell loss in obesity.

This research investigated how User-Centered Design methodology, a multi-stage problem-solving design process, can be applied to improve the novice audience's experience in watching a modern dance concert. Modern dance, in which each generation of choreographers rejects the aesthetic values of the generation that preceded them, can be difficult to access for novice audience members. User-Centered Design was utilized to develop solutions by involving the human perspective in all steps of this problem-solving process. My hypothesis was that designing the experience holistically surrounding the concert could be an alternative to years of dance training to provide a framework for novice audience members to become more engaged in watching modern dance. The research started with field observation, which incorporated contextual inquiries with multiple focus groups. Interviews were conducted with both experienced and inexperienced audience members, and surveys were sent out to a broader sample of audience members. I will present preliminary design solutions that address one of my key findings: the need for more personal communication among audience members.

Understanding the sexual regulation of sorority women, and their role in it, is important in fully understanding the function and impact of sororities as a whole in modern collegiate experiences. Through my study of the Greek system at the University of Washington (UW) I worked to investigate the question: Do sorority women submit to sexual regulation in order to maintain or raise the house’s position in the sorority hierarchy? I surveyed 48 sorority women at the UW using vignette based questions to gauge sorority norms surrounding sexuality and its regulation in the Greek system. Within my research I am working under the assumption that sororities are reinventive institutions; institutions where women voluntarily join for empowerment and willingly submit to the regulation of all aspects of their identity. Through this perspective in the study I was able to gain insight into the underlying social mechanisms that maintain the social norms governing the sexuality of sorority members and how this is related to chapter status on campus, while recognizing the importance of the role individual members play within this process.

Previous studies investigating the perception of sexual misconduct by individuals in a university setting have not examined the effects of socioeconomic status on attitudes towards sexual misconduct. While these effects were considered in a university setting, understanding male perceptions of sexual misconduct more broadly is becoming increasingly relevant as allegations against high status individuals of varying political backgrounds continue to emerge. This paper paves the way for future research as to the effects of socioeconomic status on these perceptions at a more universal level. Using a survey composed of different hypothetical scenarios, this paper examines the relationship between the socioeconomic status of a male perpetrator and the attitudes of male college respondents regarding sexual misconduct toward women. Male undergraduates at the University of Washington were recruited from different residence halls and classrooms on campus to ensure sociodemographic variation in the sample. The data supported an analysis of how perpetrator’s socioeconomic status and respondent’s socioeconomic status may separately or jointly shape perceptions of hypothetical misconduct, and whether a respondent’s beliefs about feminism influence these associations. This study expects to observe a significant impact from both the socioeconomic status of the perpatrator and the socioeconomic status of the respondent both jointly and when considered separately.

Joubert syndrome (JS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by developmental delay and a specific hindbrain malformation resulting in the “molar tooth sign” (MTS) as seen on MRI. Individuals with JS have variable intellectual disabilities, polydactyly, retinal dystrophy and cystic kidney disease. JS is classified as a ciliopathy—disorders with overlapping phenotypes affecting 1/1000 live births combined. Currently, 36 genes when mutated cause JS, and all their encoded products localize in and around the primary cilium—a cellular organelle important for signaling and human development. We recently identified the newest JS-associated gene ARMC9 and its function, like the molecular mechanism(s) underlying JS, is unknown. Our preliminary data suggest that ARMC9 is required for cilium stability by promoting post-translational modifications (PTM) of ciliary microtubules. In stably ciliated, fixed (non-living) cells, ARMC9 localizes to the ciliary base, but to understand ARMC9’s role in cilium stability, we must determine ARMC9 localization during ciliogenesis (ciliary growth). We hypothesize that ARMC9 redistributes to the ciliary tip to promote tubulin PTMs during ciliogenesis. To test this hypothesis, I am using GFP and BFP (green and blue fluorescent protein) tags to visualize ARMC9 and primary cilia respectively. I created 5HT₆-BFP, a DNA vector encoding a BFP-tagged serotonin receptor fragment called 5HT₆ which naturally localizes to cilia. Currently, I am optimizing the transfection of 5HT₆-BFP and ARMC9-GFP into control cells for live imaging. As suggested by our data, I expect to see ARMC9 at the ciliary tip during growth, then redistribution to the base once the organelle is built. Determining where ARMC9 localizes during ciliogenesis will give us additional insight into its mechanism of action and role in JS. Ultimately, this work will allow us to identify therapeutic targets to mitigate the progressive features of JS and improve the quality of life of affected individuals.

Some spionid polychaetes can burrow into the shells of bivalves, creating unsightly mud blisters. Because they are unappealing to consumer and can burst, fouling oyster flesh, these blisters are an economic burden on affected oyster half-shell industries. Historical invasions by the spionid Polydora websteri have resulted in the collapse of aquaculture operations in Australia, New Zealand, and Hawaii, USA. Recent sightings of mud blisters on Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) in Puget Sound, Washington, USA suggest that the area might be experiencing a spionid polychaete invasion. To determine whether P. websteri is the polychaete creating the mud blisters recently observed in Puget Sound, we obtained 170 Pacific oysters from six locations and examined for blisters and burrows. Polychaetes were extracted from the shells and vouchered for molecular analyses. We used mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase I [COI] and cytochrome b) and nuclear (18S rRNA) genes for species-level identification. Positive identification of P. websteri found in the mud blisters of Puget Sound Pacific oysters will be the first confirmed sighting in Washington, USA. This study is the foundation for advising the Washington shellfish industry on strategies for mitigating the economic impacts of this invasive polychaete.

Clayoquot Sound is an estuary on the west coast of Vancouver Island, BC, Canada composed of a series of fjords. Given the complex topography and bathymetry of this region, many of the inlets are susceptible to periodic hypoxia/anoxia, as well as dramatic spatial and temporal fluctuations in oceanographic properties which influence local primary productivity. University of Washington Tacoma has been collecting water property data, phytoplankton, sediment and plastics samples in Barkley and Clayoquot Sounds since 2001. In the fall of 2014, Pacific Northwest estuaries experienced an anomalous warm water intrusion (“the blob”) from the upper eastern Pacific Ocean. For this presentation, annual pre- and post “blob” time series of autumnal phytoplankton assemblages for Tofino Inlet within Clayoquot Sound will be compared for 2013, 2014, and 2016. A seasonal comparison of the fall 2016 phytoplankton community with spring 2017 phytoplankton data from Tofino Inlet will also be presented. Further comparison of the temporal inshore phytoplankton dominance and abundance data from Clayoquot Sound will be made with summer offshore Vancouver Island shelf data collected via ships of opportunity in 2017. Primary productivity due to the diversity and distribution of phytoplankton, including harmful algal species, impact local aquaculture which is an important economic industry in the region.

Watching entertainment media is a popular activity for children’s learning and leisure, playing a central role in children’s everyday lives. However, Child Development research shows that extensive video consumption is linked to unhealthy development, including disrupted sleep patterns, increased likelihood of obesity, and reduced imaginative play. In this study, we explore how video-viewing platform design features contribute to children’s media use. We introduce CoCo’s Videos: a video-viewing platform for preschoolers with features that encourage children to self-manage media consumption, enabling children to play a role in setting and sticking to their own limits on the amount of video consumption. We deployed three different versions of CoCo’s Videos to 24 different families for three weeks in a counterbalanced within-subjects study design. Preschoolers experienced three different versions of CoCo’s Videos: one version is neutral to the limits they set, another version enforces limits they set (“lock-out”), and the last version challenges the limit by automatically playing more content after their set limit (“post-play”). Our results show that the post-play feature significantly decreased children’s autonomy and self-regulation, indicated by extended video-viewing time beyond the set limit, leading to increased parent intervention. Our results show that the lock-out feature did not reduce viewing time or parent intervention. Ultimately, our research advises others to avoid platforms that undermine children’s autonomy and intention, which will likely be more effective than parental controls in developing healthy media habits.

Understanding how extracellular environments facilitate the differentiation of stem cells holds much promise for the field of regenerative medicine. Non-muscle myosin II (NMII) plays an important role in cell morphology and also generates forces that alfter biochemical signalling. It has been shown that the activity of NMII controls mechanoreceptors and integrins facilitating stem cell fate. More specifically, mechanotransduction of transcriptional coactivators YAP/TAZ facilitate differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). YAP and TAZ are responsible for upregulating genes associated with stem cell differentiation. Under external stresses mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into osteocytes whereas softer extracellular conditions favor the differentiation into adipocytes through mechanotransduction of YAP and TAZ.To further explore the role of physical forces determining the fate of stem cells, we used a computationally designed self-assembling homo-polymer called 2E01, generated by the Institute for Protein Design (IPD). Mechanical stress and the physical activity of NMII can be mimicked by controlled expression of the length of the E01 protein fiber. We introduced the 2E01 gene under a doxycycline-inducible promoter into the AAVS1 "safe harbor" locus of the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Expression of the E01 fiber in iPSCs lead to changes in colony morphology and subsequent differentiation of those cells, suggesting that changing the morphology of cells can change their fate. I want to see if I can use the 2E01 fiber as a tool to accelerate differentiation from IPSCs to neuronal cells and cardiomyocytes. In addition, we expressed 2E01 in mesenchymal stem cells, a cell type currently used in lab, and observed the activity of YAP and TAZ as an indicator of differentiation. Utilization of the 2E01 fiber could be benefical to the field of regenerative medicine as a directed agent of physical manipulation towards desired stem cell fate.

Microplastics are polymers < 5mm, varying in shape, color, chemical composition, and density. Manufactured plastics are primary microplastics which include pellets, fibers, and microbeads. Secondary microplastics are plastics fragmented through photodegradation and/or mechanical weathering. Research has documented microplastics in high densities (e.g., 100,000 items per m3) in marine environments, but little work has been conducted in riverine environments. Our study is focusing on the Puyallup River Watershed, located in Washington State, and its role in microplastic transport. The Puyallup River and its two principal tributaries, the White River and the Carbon River, drain a watershed of approximately 1,040 square miles and stream from several glaciers located on Mount Rainier, including the Puyallup Glacier. During our preliminary research, samples were collected monthly, both upstream and downstream of municipal wastewater treatment plants, from five cities in the lower reaches of the Puyallup River Watershed. Fibers, fragments, and foams were identified, characterized and quantified. Only 1-foam and 5-fragments were found, with the majority being fibers. The concentration of fibers, ranged from 0 to 204 fibers/L, with an average of 22-fibers/L in each sample collected. Results were statistically inconclusive to determine if wastewater treatment plants were a point source of plastic pollution to the Puyallup River Watershed, although more fiber numbers were located upstream than downstream at most sites.

Due to urbanization and city development, more people are losing contact with nature that earlier generations were more likely to have had. Children who grow up in urbanized, and poverty impacted spaces are likely to have less experience of fully immersing themselves in nature. All children should receive equal or similar benefits from their environment. Hence, for those children attending preschools in the urban grid, we can think about ways to create opportunities for nature-based play and exploration in order to bring benefits associated with nature to all children for an optimal childhood development. Playspace is a space for an outdoor learning environment, where children learn to socialize, wonder and grow. Naturalized outdoor environments offer developmental benefits—psychological, social, physical, cognitive, health—for the growing young child. Children will grow stronger immune system, growth and physical advantages through interaction with nature. Children can also experience increased concentration, reduced stress, better social-communication skills and academic performance. It is where children can reclaim their freedom of exploration in the natural world. My research analyzes how children, in the context of an existing naturalized outdoor preschool, use the space for play and learning in a number of areas of development. I apply this study of the outdoor preschool to a more urbanized project site, University of Washington Children’s Center at Portage Bay. I conduct interviews with teachers from both centers and observe children to gather information on what is missing and what can be supplied. Using in particular the study by Robin C. Moore, Nature Play and Learning Spaces, I propose a framework of playspace elements that can convert a more traditional childcare center’s outdoor space into a place where children can receive a “daily minimum dose”—as Moore states—of natural experiences and acquire love and respect for the natural world.

 Fault zones are dynamic structural regions in the Earth’s crust that can constrain fluid flow in the subsurface. The presence of fluids in fault zones changes local stresses and can result in coevolving relationships between fluid migration and faulting. Because of this complex behavior, fault zone architecture is difficult to define, but two broad regions of deformation can be differentiated by material differences to describe permeability and other fluid-rock relationships. The fault core is the narrow, highly pulverized, often impermeable area of the fault closest to the slip surface. The damage zone is the wider, fractured, outer region of the fault which can allow fluid flow through fault-related cracks in the host rock. Although these these definitions describe general fluid-rock properties across fault zones, they do not fully capture the complex nature of fluid migration and compartmentalization in faults. Because fluids are difficult to observe in the Earth, mineral precipitates can be used as geochemical tracers for fluids. We analyzed carbonate precipitates in fault rocks from the fault cores and damage zones of three normal faults in Central Italy to characterize the fluids present in the area and the structural influences of fault architecture on fluid compartmentalization. Preliminary ¹⁸O and ¹³C standard stable isotope analysis aided initial fluid characterization and informed carbonate powder sampling for D47 clumped isotope analysis, which allowed us to reconstruct fluid temperatures and compositions. We present a spatial analysis of fluid compositions relative to structural units within the three fault zones.

The dinoflagellate Alexandrium sp. is a source of paralytic toxins in Puget Sound shellfish and a potential cause of paralytic shellfish poisoning in consumers. Paralytic shellfish poisoning not only threatens the livelihood of our Puget Sound and neighboring ecosystems, but largely affects the health of those ingesting marine invertebrates. An individual ingesting shellfish containing concentrations of paralytic toxins might experience mouth and limb numbness, serious illness or death. The University of Washington Tacoma and Washington State's Department of Ecology have partnered together through the Puget Sound Ecosystem Monitoring Program to monitor the presence of Alexandrium cysts throughout the Puget Sound. The Alexandrium cyst research involves processing sediment collected in Bellingham Bay. The sediment samples are sonicated, sieved, preserved using formalin, solubilized using methanol, and stained using Primulin. The samples are then prepared onto a Sedgewick-Rafter slide and cysts are counted using an epifluorescence microscope. Through the identification of cyst distribution throughout the Puget Sound, our research strives to preemptively assess and predict Harmful Algal Blooms and, ultimately, the risk of paralytic shellfish poisoning in consumers. Through our research efforts, we hope precautionary measures can be taken toward preventing paralytic shellfish poisoning in consumers of Puget Sound shellfish, benefiting the health of all Washingtonians.

Substantial research has examined the relationship between the Big Five personality traits (cynicism, neuroticism, openness, extraversion, and agreeableness) and burnout at the workplace, and has found that certain scores on each of these traits affect vulnerability to burnout. However, this research has not been duplicated in the population of community mental health therapists, a role that is particularly reliant upon skills that burnout can impair (e.g., reduction of empathy). Through this research, we seek to determine who is at increased risk of developing burnout by studying the relationship between Big Five personality traits and components of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal achievement). In addition, we captured the common personality profiles of this population, which indicate the proportion of community mental health therapists who may be at increased risk for burnout due to personality traits. We conducted a quantitative study using a between-subjects design. Participants were community mental health therapists across Washington state, recruited as part of a larger study. Participants completed online self-report measures related to burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory) and personality traits (Big Five Inventory-10). We hypothesized that individuals who report high neuroticism would also report higher levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and lower levels of personal accomplishment. We also hypothesized that individuals who report high conscientiousness or high extraversion would report lower levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and higher levels of personal accomplishment. Our results could lead to improved methods of individualizing interventions for community mental health therapists and reduce the effects of burnout. Additionally, by capturing the common personality profiles, we can determine the types of interventions that will be applicable to the largest percentage of this population, allowing agencies to allocate their resources accordingly.