Cancer survivors often experience memory and thinking problems after treatment. Cognitive rehabilitation has been shown to improve function in head injury patients. This study examined behavioral and neural responses to a group-based cognitive training intervention in cancer survivors with cognitive symptoms. Gynecologic cancer survivors (n=23) were randomized to treatment group (15) or attention control (8). A subset of participants were eligible for scanning from the treatment (6) and control (5) groups. Both groups attended a 7-session, weekly group-based workshop. The treatment group received education and practice in skills (e.g. method of loci), and the attention control group received only education on cognition and information processing. Prior to and following the 7-session group-based workshops, participants were evaluated with a comprehensive cognitive battery along with an in-scanner verbal memory task where they studied word-pairs (e.g. star–couch) for later recall. During the test phase of the word-pairs task, participants were shown original word-pairs, novel word-pairs, shuffled (old and new) word-pairs, or recombined (two old words not previously paired) word-pairs. Recall during the test phase was assessed at an item level, where responses were yes/no to the query “both old?” or at the relational level, where responses were yes/no to the query “together previously?” Participants in the treatment group showed significant improvement for in-scanner responses in accuracy in the Relational condition, p < .04. Image analysis of group comparison at second level revealed decreased activation in one region in anterior cingulate for the treatment group for item recall. Cognitive training in cancer survivors can improve both attention and verbal memory. Pre to post change in the anterior cingulate for the treatment group suggests additional attention recruitment, consistent with improvements in attention observed with out-of-scanner tasks (e.g. digit span). Overall, cognitive training may be a useful treatment for cancer patients suffering from cognitive symptoms.