In Africa, emergency humanitarian relief operations, in response to ongoing conflict and natural disasters, continue to struggle with violent, targeted attacks on humanitarian workers, aid supplies and refugees. While food aid plays an important role in addressing food shortages, previous studies suggest that food aid can contribute to the spread of civil conflicts under certain conditions. The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility that certain levels of food aid could exacerbate political violence against refugees in Africa because armed groups are likely to be motivated to prevent food aid distribution to an opponent refugee population, and to achieve material gain. To evaluate this claim, I analyze the relationship between three different types of food aid and delivery methods reported in the World Food Programme between 1988 and 1998, and data on affected refugee population by political violence against refugees in African countries. Food aid, defined as emergency food aid, programme food aid and project food aid, is delivered through direct transfer, local purchase and triangular purchase. In this study, the basic conditions of food aid consist of all commodities and all donor countries. There are fifty-three African countries that reported the amount of food aid they received, and twenty-six African countries that reported the number of refugees affected by political violence during the years of study. Based on the available data, I create several regression models that show the effects of each food aid and delivery method on rate of violence. I expect that emergency food aid and direct transfer have a strong positive correlation with violence involving refugees because they are directly delivered to targeted refugees who are at risk for insurgent attack.